Gastric / Stomach disease

Surgical diseases of the stomach refer to conditions that affect the stomach and often require surgical intervention for diagnosis, treatment, or management. These conditions can range from benign abnormalities to malignant tumors. Here are some common surgical diseases of the stomach:

1. Gastric Ulcers: Gastric ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of complications, such as perforation or bleeding, or when medical management fails to heal the ulcer.

2. Gastric Cancer: Surgery is a primary treatment for gastric cancer. Depending on the extent and stage of the cancer, procedures such as gastrectomy (partial or total removal of the stomach) and lymph node dissection may be performed. Reconstruction techniques may also be employed to restore digestive continuity.

3. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST): GISTs are rare tumors that can occur in the stomach. Surgery is the main treatment for GISTs and involves removing the tumor, along with a margin of healthy tissue, to prevent recurrence.

4. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): In severe cases of GERD that do not respond to medical management, surgical intervention may be considered. Procedures like fundoplication can be performed to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter and prevent acid reflux.

5. Gastric Polyps: Gastric polyps are abnormal growths that develop in the lining of the stomach. Depending on the type of polyp and the risk of malignancy, surgical removal may be necessary to prevent complications or to investigate suspicious lesions.

6. Peptic Ulcer Disease: Surgical intervention may be required in cases of complications related to peptic ulcers, such as perforation, bleeding, or obstruction. Procedures can involve repair of the ulcer, removal of the affected portion of the stomach, or even total gastrectomy in rare cases.

7. Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Gastric outlet obstruction occurs when there is a blockage preventing food from leaving the stomach. Surgery may be necessary to remove the obstruction or bypass it, depending on the cause and severity.

8. Gastric Volvulus: Gastric volvulus is a condition in which the stomach twists or rotates abnormally. Surgical intervention is often required to untwist the stomach and prevent further complications.

9. Gastroparesis: Gastroparesis is a condition characterized by delayed stomach emptying. In severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical procedures such as gastric bypass or pyloroplasty may be considered to improve stomach emptying.

10. Stomach Perforation: Stomach perforation is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgical intervention. Surgery aims to repair the perforation and may involve suturing, tissue patching, or partial gastrectomy.

These are some examples of surgical diseases of the stomach. The specific surgical approach will depend on the underlying condition, disease stage, patient factors, and the expertise of the surgical team. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional or a specialist in gastrointestinal surgery for an accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment plan.